Reverse Osmosis
The process of reverse osmosis entails
pressurizing and passing impure water through a semi-permeable
membrane. This results in removal of many impurities.
The impurities that are removed results in water that
is approximately 90 percent free of mineral and biological
contaminants. The effectiveness of the process of reverse
osmosis depends upon two factors which are the quality
of the membrane and the pressure of the water. These two
factors help to determine how effectively the water separates
the contaminants.
Reverse Osmosis units are very efficient
in removal of both organic and inorganic chemicals. These
units remove substantial amounts of inorganic chemicals
such as salts, metals and minerals, most microorganisms
and many organic chemicals. However, the efficiency of
reverse osmosis units in the removal of some organic compounds
such as nitrate is suspect, ultra
violet filtration can easily make up for this. Despite
this, they are still able to somewhat reduce their levels.
As a unwritten rule, Mechanical filters as well as activated
carbon filters are always used with a reverse osmosis
unit. The sequence of the train commences with the mechanical
filter. The mechanical filter first removes impurities
such as dirt, sediment and other impurities that could
clog the membrane of the reverse osmosis unit. After the
mechanical filter comes the reverse osmosis unit. The
water after the reverse osmosis unit is then passed through
an activated carbon filter. This filter now removes some
organic compounds which manage to pass through the reverse
osmosis unit. This completes the train of filters for
water purification. Despite these elaborate arrangements,
Nitrates still pass through carbon filters.
Reverse osmosis units while being quite efficient are
expensive to purchase and require regular maintenance.
These units are also very wasteful of water and use water
in large quantities. It is normal that of the water that
is passed through the unit, over three fourth is discarded
with the contaminants. Just for this reason, these systems
may not be very appropriate for households that have a
limited water supply. As a routine practice, these units
are connected only to the drinking water line. Usually
they are installed under the kitchen sink and that is
where they get connected to the cooking and drinking line.
Installation of reverse osmosis units
also requires regular testing of the water supply to make
sure that the membrane is intact and the process of water
filtration is taking place as desired.
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